NPC01 44209-790.00 专用于DCS模拟量控制卡 GRUNDIG
就在膨胀阀（D）之后，制冷剂开始作为低温低压液体。
在这种低压条件下，制冷剂具有低沸点。制冷剂通过
蒸发器盘管（E），其从流经盘管的热空气中吸收热量。吸收的热量
热空气使制冷剂沸腾并变成蒸汽。制冷剂继续通过系统
朝向压缩机（C）。当制冷剂进入压缩机时，制冷剂处于低温、低压状态
水蒸气
制冷剂进入压缩机，在那里被加压成高温高压蒸汽。这个
制冷剂现在处于非常高的压力下并且具有高沸点。在这些条件下，制冷剂可以
容易浓缩。当制冷剂通过冷凝器盘管（A）时，装置内的风扇推动空气
穿过线圈。当风扇推动空气通过散热片时，制冷剂将热量排出到通过的空气中。这个
通过的空气将吸收热量，使制冷剂冷却并冷凝成液体。高压
液体流向冷凝器的出口，即膨胀阀（D）。制冷剂将进入阀门
16
IPI在环境中实施可持续节能战略的方法（2017年）
作为高温高压液体。该阀将允许制冷剂的压力变化
制冷剂将作为低温低压液体离开阀门，并重新开始该过程。
注：
在此过程中不创建“冷”。制冷剂用于将热量从内部空气传递到外部空气。
系统变化：
1.机组可以是带管道排气的独立空调机组。
2.过滤器可位于装置侧面，以处理进入的空气。
热泵
组件/布局：
（冷却模式图A）
电容线圈
迷
压缩机
膨胀阀
换向阀
蒸发器盘管
（加热模式图B）
蒸发器盘管
迷
压缩机
膨胀阀
换向阀
电容线圈
低温
低压液体
高温
高压蒸汽
低温
低压蒸汽
高温
高压液体
外部空气供应空气
低温
低压液体
高温
高压蒸汽
低温
低压蒸汽
高温
高压液体
室外空气
外部空气供应空气
IPI在环境中实施可持续节能战略的方法（2017年）
1
空气流量：
该系统的运行方式类似于DX空调的工作方式。主要区别在于它能够：
使制冷剂的流动反向。反向流动使装置能够加热或冷却空间。
冷却模式图A：
空气由风机通过回风管从空间吸入系统。空气被推过
蒸发器（冷却）盘管，其中空气被冷却并通过供应管道返回空间。
冷凝盘管由第二套管道系统冷却，该管道系统引入外部空气并将其推过
冷凝器（加热）盘管，制冷剂将其多余热量释放到空气中。然后将空气排出
单。
加热模式图B：
风机通过回风管从空间将空气吸入系统。空气被推过
冷凝器（加热）盘管，其中空气被加热并通过供应管道返回空间。
蒸发器盘管由第二套管道系统处理，该管道系统将引入外部空气并将其推过
蒸发器（冷却）盘管，制冷剂从空气中吸收热量。然后将较冷的空气排出
单位。
制冷剂/冷却剂循环：
冷却循环图A：
该循环中的制冷剂将按照图a中的蓝色箭头逆时针移动
制冷模式下的制冷剂流量。从膨胀阀（D）之后开始，制冷剂以低启动
温度、低压液体。在这种低压条件下，制冷剂具有低沸点。这个
制冷剂被推动通过蒸发器盘管（F），在那里它从经过的热空气中吸收热量
线圈。热空气吸收的热量使制冷剂沸腾并变成蒸汽。制冷剂
继续通过系统流向压缩机（C），注意换向阀的位置。当它进入
压缩机制冷剂为低温、低压蒸汽。
制冷剂进入压缩机，在那里被加压成高温高压蒸汽。这个
制冷剂现在处于非常高的压力下
NPC01 44209-790.00 专用于DCS模拟量控制卡 GRUNDIG
NPC01 44209-790.00 专用于DCS模拟量控制卡 GRUNDIG
eginning just after the expansion valve (D) the refrigerant starts off as a low temperature, low pressure liquid.
Under this low pressure condition the refrigerant has a low boiling point. The refrigerant is pushed through the
evaporator coil (E) where it absorbs heat from the warm air that is passing over the coils. The heat absorbed by
the warm air causes the refrigerant to boil and become a vapor. The refrigerant continues through the system
toward the compressor (C). As it enters the compressor the refrigerant is now a low temperature, low pressure
vapor.
The refrigerant enters the compressor where it is pressurized into a high temperature, high pressure vapor. The
refrigerant is now under very high pressure and has a high boiling point. At these conditions, the refrigerant can
condense easily. As the refrigerant moves through the condenser coil (A) the fan inside the unit is pushing air
across the coils. The refrigerant will expel heat to the passing air as it is pushed though the fins by the fan. The
passing air will absorb the heat, causing the refrigerant to cool and condense into a liquid. The high-pressure
liquid moves towards the outlet of the condenser, the expansion valve (D). The refrigerant will enter the valve
16
IPI’s Methodology for Implementing Sustainable Energy-Saving Strategies in Collections Environments (2017)
as a high temperature, high pressure liquid. The valve will allow the pressure of the refrigerant to change and the
refrigerant will exit the valve as a low temperature, low pressure liquid and start the process over again.
Note:
“Cold” is not created in this process. Refrigerant was used to transfer heat from the inside air to the outside air.
System Variations:
1. Unit may be a stand-alone air conditioning unit with a ducted exhaust.
2. Filters may be located on the sides of the unit to treat the incoming air.
Heat Pump
Components/Layout:
(Cooling Mode Diagram A)
Condenser Coil
Fan
Compressor
Expansion Valve
Reversing Valve
Evaporator Coil
(Heating Mode Diagram B)
Evaporator Coil
Fan
Compressor
Expansion Valve
Reversing Valve
Condenser Coil
LOW TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE LIQUID
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR
LOW TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE VAPOR
HIGH TEMPERATURE
OUTSIDE AIR
OUTSIDE AIR SUPPLY AIR
LOW TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE LIQUID
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HIGH PRESSURE VAPOR
LOW TEMPERATURE
LOW PRESSURE VAPOR
HIGH TEMPERATURE
HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID
IPI’s Methodology for Implementing Sustainable Energy-Saving Strategies in Collections Environments (2017)
17
Air Flow:
The system operates similar to the way a DX air conditioner works. The major difference is that it is capable of
reversing the flow of refrigerant. The reversal of flow makes the unit capable of heating or cooling a space.
Cooling Mode Diagram A:
Air is drawn into the system by the fan through a return duct from the space. The air is pushed across the
evaporator (cooling) coil where the air is cooled and returned to the space through the supply ducts.
The condensing coil is cooled by a second set of ductwork that brings in outside air and pushes it across the
condenser (heating) coil where the refrigerant desorbs its extra heat to the air. The air is then discharged out of
the unit.
Heating Mode Diagram B:
Air is drawn into the system through the return duct from the space by the fan. The air is pushed across the
condenser (heating) coil where the air is heated and returned to the space through the supply ducts.
The evaporator coil is treated by a second set of ductwork that will bring in outside air and push it across the
evaporator (cooling) coil where the refrigerant absorbs heat from the air. The colder air is then discharged out of
the unit.
Refrigerant/Coolant Cycle:
Cooling Cycle Diagram A:
The refrigerant in this cycle will move in a counterclockwise pattern, following the blue arrows in Diagram A for
refrigerant flow in cooling mode. Beginning just after the expansion valve (D) the refrigerant starts off as a low
temperature, low pressure liquid. Under this low pressure condition the refrigerant has a low boiling point. The
refrigerant is pushed through the evaporator coil (F) where it absorbs heat from the warm air that is passing over
the coils. The heat absorbed by the warm air causes the refrigerant to boil and become a vapor. The refrigerant
continues through the system toward the compressor (C), note the position of the reversing valve. As it enters
the compressor the refrigerant is a low temperature, low pressure vapor.
The refrigerant enters the compressor where it is pressurized into a high temperature, high pressure vapor. The
refrigerant is now under very high pressure and has
NPC01 44209-790.00 专用于DCS模拟量控制卡 GRUNDIG
